In a typical piping system, the fluid flows through various components such as fittings, valves, bends, elbows, tees, inlets, exits, enlargements, and contractions, in addition to the pipes themselves. These elements disrupt the smooth flow of the fluid, resulting in additional losses due to flow separation and mixing. In systems with long pipes, these additional losses, known as minor losses, are relatively small when compared to the total head loss in the pipes, which are referred to as major losses.